Fig. 6
From: How resource abundance and resource stochasticity affect organisms’ range sizes
Directed acyclical graph assumed for inferring the causal effects of \(\text {E}(R)\) and \(\text {Var}(R)\) on H, where NDVI was used as a proxy for R. Z and S indicate confounds that result from habitat-level variables (e.g., competition, predation, etc.) and satellite-level variables (e.g., noise, cloud cover)