Table 2 Effect size estimates and associated 95% confidence intervals from the within-year fidelity analyses for each of the four species

Nearest neighbour distance

Guillemot

9.10 km (7.54–10.80)

14.78 km (12.77–16.93)

< 0.001

Kittiwake

12.71 km (11.48–14.01)

15.94 km (14.55–17.39)

< 0.001

Razorbill

9.95 km (7.28–13.02)

13.83 km (10.65–17.42)

< 0.001

Puffin

11.53 km (9.73–13.49)

16.58 km (14.39–18.92)

< 0.001

Distal point distance

Guillemot

16.71 km (13.83–19.86)

27.15 km (23.44–31.13)

< 0.001

Kittiwake

27.29 km (24.94–29.75)

34.04 km (31.40–36.78)

< 0.001

Razorbill

19.56 km (14.96–24.77)

26.74 km (21.30–32.79)

0.063

Puffin

18.58 km (17.36–19.85)

26.02 km (24.57–27.51)

< 0.001

Bearing difference

Guillemot

53.75\( ^\circ \) (45.27–62.95)

77.90\( ^\circ \) (67.67–88.84)

< 0.001

Kittiwake

37.59\( ^\circ \) (26.90–50.08)

44.39\( ^\circ \) (32.69–57.87)

< 0.001

Razorbill

61.71\( ^\circ \) (55.02–68.77)

75.37\( ^\circ \) (67.99–83.12)

< 0.001

Puffin

39.58\( ^\circ \) (35.15–44.27)

41.17\( ^\circ \) (36.65–45.96)

0.326