Fig. 4
From: A three-dimensional model of terrain-induced updrafts for movement ecology studies
Curves of nondimensional updraft velocity averaged along the ridge line: a–d orthogonal flow; e–h oblique flow. While the height adjustment \(W_{0h} = W_0 / f_h\) improves the magnitude with respect to the LES solutions, it does not account for nonzero updrafts upstream of the hill