Fig. 2
From: A three-dimensional model of terrain-induced updrafts for movement ecology studies
Large-eddy simulation solutions of orthogonal flow compared to the \(\textsc {BO04}\) model around hills placed diagonally, with the hilltop placed exactly on the diagonal of the domain shown. Each row corresponds to a height AGL, as indicated by the labels on the left. The black arrow at the bottom row represents the direction of the flow. Each column corresponds to a hill, reproduced at the top row (to scale). Nondimensional vertical velocity from a–d LES at 80 m, e–h LES at 180 m, and i–l \(\textsc {BO04}\) model. Note that \(\textsc {BO04}\) model is height-independent